Summary Judgment

No Remaining Issues

PigsInAGallery

This class is a bit different from the others. What you study here are two actual documents that were successful in real cases. Only the names have been changed.

Summary judgment may be entered by a court whenever it can be shown there remain NO “genuine issues of material fact” for the court to decide at trial. Issues of "material fact" as you've already learned are those issues raised by the pleadings.

HERE HERE SIDEBAR Do not allow your opponent to raise new issues after the pleadings are closed, i.e., after all motions directed to the pleadings have been resolved!

If there are no genuine issues of material fact remaining in dispute, there is NO reason to waste the court's valuable time allowing the parties to keep fighting.

Summary judgment may be granted for the entire case or for individual counts. If there are NO genuine issues of material fact with regard to all counts in the pleadings, summary judgment puts and end to the entire case. If there are NO genuine issues of material fact with regard to any one or more counts (but some other counts remain in dispute) summary judgment may be granted for those counts that no longer need the court to decide between the parties.

To obtain a summary judgment order, the motion must

  • Allege there remain NO “genuine issues of material fact”.
  • Demand summary judgment as a matter of law.

You will examine a real motion filed in a real case brought by a golf course development company to shut down an adjoining mom-and-pop pig farm. This motion stopped the golf course developers from putting a small farming family out of business so golfers wouldn't be distracted by the smell of pigs and the music played to make the ham taste sweeter (no kidding).

Remember: Entry of summary judgment is proper if and only if the record contains “NO GENUINE ISSUES OF MATERIAL FACT”

This motion was granted because it showed “as a matter of law” that there remained no genuine issues of material fact on the record for the court to decide.

The second document you’ll examine is a memorandum in opposition to summary judgment brought by a multi-millionaire who wanted to get a secretary dismissed from the case so she could not be drilled with discovery tools that are not available to drill non-parties. This memorandum stopped the multi-millionaire and his millionaire lawyers from having their way! Their motion was denied.

By examining the motion for and the memorandum in opposition, you will learn how to:

  • File your own motion for summary judgment.
  • Defend with a memorandum in opposition to summary judgment.

Summary judgment can be powerful … for you and against you.

HERE HERE HERE SIDEBAR HERE ...
Be prepared to cite the official rules where you are.
Google “Florida Rules of Evidence” or “California Rules of Civil Procedure” or “Indiana Rules of Criminal Procedure” to get the latest official rules.
Then use my tactics to keep everyone honest … including the judge!

Summary judgment should not be entered if there’s so much as a speck of any "genuine issue of material fact" remaining in dispute. Other issues in dispute do not matter. Only issues raised by the pleadings are "material". (Never forget this!). An opinion of the Florida Supreme Court ruled that if there were so much as a "scintilla" of material fact, summary judgment should be denied. A scintilla is the tiniest glimpse of light the eye can detect.

Appellate courts routinely overturn summary judgments, finding the trial court judge overlooked a genuine issue of material fact that should have been tried. Judges sometimes grant summary judgment motions to "get rid" of cases and clear the calendar, even when genuine material issues remain in dispute. Appellate courts routinely reverse theser and let the parties fight fairly.

The citations to appellate court decisions in both are authentic.

Motion for Summary Judgment

Jurisdictionary01

THIRTY-NINTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT COURT
HAPPINESS COUNTY, FLORIDA
CIVIL DIVISION

THE GOURMET GOLF CLUB,

a Florida corporation,
Plaintiff,

v. WILL B. PIGFARMER and
LOVE A. PIGFARMER,

Defendants.

____________/

Case No.1234567
Judge B. Just

DEFENDANTS’ VERIFIED MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

COME NOW Will B. Pigfarmer and Love A. Pigfarmer, by and through their undersigned attorney, and move this Honorable Court to enter an Order of Summary Judgment in their favor with regard to each count of plaintiff’s complaint and state:

GENERAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT ARGUMENT

  1. There are no material issues of fact that need to be decided by the court in this cause.
  2. The controlling case law and statutory authority cited herein is such that no fact issues remain that can affect the outcome as a matter of law.
  3. Though there remain disputed issues of fact, none is a “genuine issue of material fact”, i.e., none of the remaining disputed issues of fact can affect the outcome of this cause.
  4. Where there are no “genuine issues of material fact” for the court to decide, summary judgment is proper to conserve valuable judicial energies and spare litigants unnecessary costs and further delays.
  5. Defendants have met their burden of demonstrating the nonexistence of any genuine issue of material fact by tendering competent evidence and providing controlling case law and statutory authority to demonstrate that no facts remaining in dispute are material. Landers v. Milton, 370 So.2d 368 (Fla. 1979).
  6. Arguments over non-material facts or facts outside the four corners of the complaint cannot alter an outcome regulated by controlling law.
  7. Courts ruling on summary judgment motions are not to weigh evidence but rather to conclude only if there remain genuine issues of material fact. State of Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles v. Fraser, 673 So.2d 570 (Fla. 4th DCA, 1996).
  8. Where the law of a case, as here, is so compellingly controlling that the material facts already established dictate a result that cannot be altered by the jury’s making any finding of immaterial fact (however fascinating for the media the interesting process of trying this controversial case might become) the trial court should grant summary judgment as a just and economical use of its limited judicial resources.
  9. Neither politics nor popular opinion should be permitted to influence the outcome of a case dictated by statutory authority and controlling case law.
  10. The material facts in this case have been sufficiently developed to enable the court to determine as a matter of law that based on statutory authority and controlling case law no genuine issue of material fact remains to preclude entry of summary judgment. Epstein v. Guidance Corporation, Inc., 736 So.2d 137 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999) citing Singer v. Star, 510 So.2d 637,639 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987).
  11. There are no justiciable issues of material fact or law to preclude entry of summary judgment on any of the plaintiff’s multiple counts.

GENERAL FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS

  1. For more than 15 years prior to plaintiff’s election to build a golf course community on adjacent property, Pigfarmer continuously resided on his 2½ acre farm raising pigs, geese, an occasional goat, and chickens.
  2. As early as 1993 he began playing radio music to his pigs at substantially the same times of day and same sound level as at all times material to this action. There is no competent evidence on the record to controvert this fact.
  3. Pigfarmer has kept pigs on the premises since 1979, when he started the farm with three pigs and now has approximately 15 pigs on the premises.
  4. There is no competent evidence on the record to controvert this fact..

ARGUMENT COMMON TO “NUISANCE” COUNTS
STATUTORY AUTHORITY

  1. It cannot be reasonably argued (nor could a reasonable jury otherwise conclude) that the Pigfarmer’s 2½ acre homestead property is anything but pig farm..
  2. One of the rights Florida farm owners enjoy is the right to construct nonresidential farm buildings on their property without regard to Florida Building Code or any county or municipal building code. §604.50 Florida Statutes.
  3. Moreover, Florida recognizes that agricultural activities such as the Pigfarmers’ raising of pigs, geese, and chickens on their property, are threatened by urbanization and its foreseeable nuisance litigation that encourages premature removal of farm land from agricultural use. §823.14(2).
  4. The Legislature enacted the Florida Right to Farm Act specifically for the purpose of protecting agricultural activities conducted on farm land from just such nuisance suits as this frivolous action brought by plaintiff golf course development company.
  5. The Act is a specific exception to Florida’s nuisance law contained in Chapter 823.
  6. The Act specifically exempts from nuisance suits the generation of “noise and odors”, among other things predictably objectionable to urban-dwelling golfers unacquainted with the vicissitudes of raising livestock.
  7. The gist of the Act is found in §823.14(4) providing that no farm operation in Florida, such as that of the Pigfarmers, shall be deemed either a public or private nuisance (i.e., no action for private nuisance such as that brought by the golf course development in this lawsuit shall be justiciable in the courts of this State) if the operation has been conducted for one (1) year or more since it was established and was not a nuisance at the time it was established.
  8. Plaintiff golf course development company brought this action specifically because the character of the farm does not comply in the aesthetic sensibilities of some golfers with the “change of conditions in or around the locality of the farm”, i.e., this case is precisely the kind of case the Act was created to defuse.
  9. The “change of conditions in or around the locality of the farm” resulted solely from the golf course development company’s election to build its course and suburban community across the road from two pig farms that had been in continuous operation for considerably longer than the one (1) year that triggers the statute’s protections.
  10. The two counts sounding in nuisance must fail, therefore.
  11. Defendants have already proffered evidence that the value of playing radio music for livestock, including pigs, is recognized by such esteemed agricultural authorities as the Livestock Conservation Institute and Colorado State University (among other authorities defendants proffered), resulting in better meat quality.
  12. The Court may take judicial notice pursuant to Rule 90.202(11&12) Florida Evidence Code that pig manure stinks and that generally accepted agricultural practices at this time do not provide any reasonable means to attenuate the characteristic odor of pig manure nor prevent its ubiquitous production by healthy feeding pigs.
  13. Both counts one and two must fail by operation of the Florida Right to Farm Act.
  14. Additional legal arguments further support summary judgment for the defendants on these first two counts as well.
  15. The odor of pig manure and sound of music its owner plays for the pigs are the only aspects of the farm plaintiffs complain about, and neither is a nuisance per se.
  16. The Florida Supreme Court said, “One who uses his property in a lawful manner is not guilty of a nuisance, merely because the particular use which he chooses to make of it may cause inconvenience or annoyance to a neighbor, and nothing which is legal in its erection can be a nuisance per se.” City of Lakeland v. State, 143 Fla. 761, 764 (Fla. 1940), adding, “In order to obtain an injunction against or the abatement of an alleged nuisance, the complaining party must show a clear and strong case supporting his right to relief.” City of Lakeland at 765. [emphasis added]
  17. Coupled with the issue of whether a defendant’s use of his property is reasonable lies the equally important issue of whether the plaintiff has a legal right to be free from the alleged injury. A&P Food Stores v. Kornstein, 121 So.2d 701 (Fla. 3rd DCA 1960)
  18. Where the music is not sufficiently loud enough to violate Happiness County’s newly enacted sound ordinance, plaintiff golf course has no “legal right” to be protected by this Court as a matter of law.
  19. The A&P court ruled, “Mere disturbance and annoyance as such do not in themselves give rise to an invasion of a legal right.” A&P at 703.
  20. In Davis v. Levin, 138 So.2d 351 (Fla. 3rd DCA 1962), the court restated the A&P doctrine, saying, “Mere disturbance and annoyance as such do not in themselves necessarily give rise to an invasion of a legal right.” [emphasis added]
  21. Plaintiff golf course does not have a “legal right” to be free from the nuisance of pig odor or music that falls within the range that is per se acceptable pursuant to county ordinance, and without invasion of a legal right its counts for nuisance must fail, no matter how much the golfers’ aesthetic sensibilities may be offended by pig farming.
  22. The pig odors and music (both lawful per se) are noxious to plaintiff merely because they tend to disturb the “personal satisfaction or aesthetic enjoyment” of persons who voluntarily elected to locate their golf community in a rural farming district and now demand to be granted a benefit from this Court denied to other residents of Happiness County: the special privilege of being permitted to “use their land for purposes which require exceptional freedom from deleterious influences” so golfers can concentrate on their swing.
  23. No part of plaintiff’s complaint alleges a “clear and strong case” of  “actual, material, and physical” invasion of any of plaintiff’s “legal rights”.
  24. The Court should enter summary judgment for defendants on both nuisance counts.
  25. Surely “rules of the game” do not require our courts to favor the private interests of persons of “delicate or dainty habits of living” or those “peculiarly sensitive to annoyance or disturbance” or those whose land use requires “exceptional freedom from deleterious influences” over the needs of hard-working parents who struggle with full-time jobs to feed large families and have insufficient financial resources to effectively fight for their common law, Constitutional, and statutory rights in court.
  26. There are no genuine issues of material fact with regard to whether the pig smell or playing of music are justified, since controlling case law and statutory authority (together with incontrovertible evidence that playing music to livestock is a generally accepted farming practice) compel a decision as a matter of law that they are justified.
  27. Plaintiff cannot prevail without being able to establish as an essential element of the cause of action that the smell and music were “unjustified”.
  28. There being no genuine issue of any material fact (i.e., a fact that could overcome the controlling case law and statutory authority that dictates an outcome favorable to defendants based on uncontroverted facts already before the Court) to be presented to the jury, entry of summary judgment is proper on all counts.
  29. Because each count complains of an intentional tort (does not allege negligence) plaintiff bears the impossible burden of proving by a preponderance of admissible evidence that defendants’ raising pigs and playing music is without any lawful justification but was intended to cause plaintiff the alleged harm complained of.
  30. Since the record reflects no evidence whatever that any of the alleged intentional torts was initiated after the arrival of plaintiff on the scene, there are no justiciable issues of material fact as to intent for a jury to decide.
  31. Proof of intent to bring about a result which would invade interests of another in a way the law forbids is not only required by the Florida Supreme Court’s ruling in Otis and other controlling cases but requisite proof of intent is altogether impossible in this case where the activity complained of preexisted plaintiff’s arrival on the scene.
  32. Since proof of intentional tort requires establishing motive and state of mind of defendants (i.e., that the activity complained of was either initiated to injure plaintiff or purposely continued by defendants after it would otherwise have been curtailed but for defendants’ intent to injure plaintiff and that such initiation by defendants or their purposeful continuation of the alleged intentionally tortious activity had no other legitimate purpose) it is not possible to find for plaintiff where it cannot be reasonably disputed that defendants continuously engaged in raising pigs and playing music to their pigs for many years prior to plaintiff’s arriving on the scene.
  33. Since the defendants engaged in all the activities complained of prior to plaintiff’s arriving on the scene, there are no genuine issues of material fact to present to the jury on intent, no reasonable probability of plaintiff’s success on the merits, and summary judgment should be granted forthwith.

WHEREFORE the defendants move this Honorable Court to enter an Order granting Final Summary Judgment in their favor and granting such other and further relief as this Honorable Court may deem reasonable and just under the circumstances.

I CERTIFY that a copy of the foregoing and the attached affidavits were provided by regular U.S. Mail to Gourmet Golf Club’s lawyers Dick and Bob, addressed to them at Dewey, Fleesum, & Howe; 123 Bigshot Avenue; Smalltown; Florida this 31st day of February 2002.

Will B. Pigfarmer
123 Main Street
Victory City, Florida 33333
555-555-5555

Love A. Pigfarmer
123 Main Street
Victory City, Florida 33333
555-555-5555

Winning requires research, writing, editing, etc. However none of this is rocket science. It’s just common-sense and easy to learn!

Memorandum in Opposition

Jurisdictionary01

The following memorandum in opposition to summary judgment is also verified.

This is necessary both when seeking and when opposing summary judgment.

Additionally, there may be deadlines for supporting affidavits to be filed. Consult your local official rules for details. Official rules can be access through the “Extras” menu.

In the case that brought me to draft the following memorandum on behalf of the plaintiff, a codefendant Gail Goesalong filed a motion for summary judgment to be released from the lawsuit on various grounds.

This verified memorandum defeated her motion for summary judgment.

By studying this closely you will learn how to oppose a summary judgment motion filed against you.

You can use the same reasoning (citing controlling case law from your own jurisdiction, of course) to defeat summary judgment proceedings against you … if there exist genuine issues of material fact to preclude entry of summary judgment.

THIRTY-NINTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT COURT
SUNSHINE COUNTY, FLORIDA
CIVIL DIVISION

DUZ RITE CORPORATION,

Plaintiff

v. WANNA B. RICH, INC.,
BOBBY BEATSUM,
SAMMY SNEAK, and

Defendants.

____________/

Case No. 2012-12345
Judge Cant B. Rong

VERIFIED MEMORANDUM IN OPPOSITION TO MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

PLAINTIFF Duz Rite Corporation, by and through its undersigned attorney, files this verified memorandum in opposition to defendant Goesalong’s motion for summary judgment, stating:

  1. This verified memorandum is supported by the attached affidavit of I.M. Good as sole director of the plaintiff corporation.
  2. Two genuine issues of material fact precluding summary judgment are
    1. whether plaintiff’s confidential client information was used by defendants to obtain clients for the business they started while still in plaintiff’s employ and
    2. whether plaintiff’s confidential client information constitutes trade secrets under Florida law.
  3. These issues have not been adjudicated, no evidence has been presented on the record to contradict plaintiff’s allegations in regard thereto, and summary judgment is therefore improper at this time.
  4. “Summary judgment should not be granted until the facts have been sufficiently developed to enable the court to be reasonably certain that there is no genuine issue of material fact.” Epstein v. Guidance Corporation, Inc., 736 So.2d 137 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999) citing Singer v. Star, 510 So.2d 637,639 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987).
  5. Moreover, plaintiff has not yet completed its discovery
  6. Summary judgment is not proper where discovery has not yet been completed.
  7. “It is reversible error to grant summary judgment where depositions are still pending.” Fleet Finance & Mortgage, Inc. v. Carey, 707 So.2d 949 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998).
  8. There exist unresolved justiciable issues of material fact and law in each count of plaintiff’s complaint against defendant Goesalong such that summary judgment is not appropriate.
  9. The summary judgment motion should be denied.
  10. Since plaintiff has clearly alleged intentional interference with an existing business relationship coupled with plaintiff’s legal rights and damage, it has stated a prima facie case, and the burden has shifted to the defendants to establish that their interference was justified. Wackenhut Corporation v. Maimone, 389 So.2d 656 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980).
  11. Defendants have not yet carried their burden.
  1. Justiciable issues of fact have been asserted by both sides under oath and in the official record of this Honorable Court.
  2. These justiciable issues of fact should be put to a jury for determination after both sides have been afforded a reasonable opportunity to complete their discovery.
  3. Justiciable issues of law should be left to this Honorable Court to decide in due course after both sides have been permitted to complete discovery and to fully present their cases.

WHEREFORE plaintiff moves this Honorable Court to enter an Order denying Goesalong’s Motion for Summary Judgment and to grant such other and further relief as the Court may deem reasonable and just under the circumstances.

_________________________________
Frederick David Graves, Attorney-at-Law
123 Main Street
Happiness, FL  33333
555-555-5555

STATE OF _________________

COUNTY OF ___________________

BEFORE ME personally appeared I.M. Good who, being by me first duly sworn and identified in accordance with Florida law, deposes under penalties of perjury and says:
1. My name is I.M. Good, sole director of the plaintiff corporation, duly authorized to speak and act on its behalf in regard to all matters pertaining to this lawsuit.
2. I have read the allegations of fact contained in the foregoing memorandum, and each is true and correct.
3. This affidavit is given under penalties of perjury.

FURTHER THE AFFIANT SAYETH NAUGHT.

________________________________
I.M. Good

___________________

SWORN TO and subscribed before me this 12 day of November 2012.

Notary Public

Again, lots of work … but it’s all common sense.

Do not be afraid it is too complicated.

It may seem complicated at first, however once you go over these two examples a few times you will begin to see the simplicity of it all … and no one will ever again be able to kick litigation sand in your face!

Warning!

Jurisdictionary01

If you are filing a Motion for Summary Judgment, some jurisdictions require you to warn the opposing party with the following language at the bottom of your motion:

  • 1. The pro se party is entitled to file a response opposing the motion and that any such response must be filed within twenty-one (21) days of the date on which the dispositive or partially dispositive motion is filed; and
  • 2. The Court could dismiss the action on the basis of the moving party’s papers if the pro se party does not file a response; and
  • 3. The pro se party must identify all facts stated by the moving party with which the pro se party disagrees and must set forth the pro se party’s version of the facts by offering affidavits (written statements signed before a notary public and under oath) or by filing sworn statements (bearing a certificate that it is signed under penalty of perjury); and
  • 4. The pro se party is also entitled to file a legal brief in opposition to the one filed by the moving party.

If you are responding to a Motion for Summary Judgment that does not include this or similar warning, please do what this warning requires anyway!

Also, your motions (and your opponents) should be "verified", i.e., sworn to before a Notary Public as true with regard to all facts alleged, and the certificate attached at the end of the motions.

Conclusion

Jurisdictionary01

Whether you’re filing a motion for summary judgment or opposing one filed against you, study both arguments presented in this lesson until you clearly see their reasoning and rationale.

A successful motion for summary judgment can end the battle, whether it’s a case in foreclosure, credit card debt, collection, family law, fraud, slander, or something else.

When filing motions and memoranda that cite case law, attach printed copies of the entire cases cited, so the court can quickly review the cases without having to go to the trouble to look them up. And, there are no rules against highlighting parts of those printed cases, provided everything you file also gets provided to your opponent. Good litigators do not win by ambush!

Provide complete cases, not partial excerpts. The court wants the entire appellate court opinion, not just the part you want them to see.

Summary judgment can win parts of cases or entire cases without trial.

If you do your pleadings, motions, and discovery the way this course teaches, you should be able to win without going to the expense and risk of trial … if you have a winnable case!

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